[双语阅读]反对“反倾销”
    2009-11-23    作者:王婧    来源:经济参考报

    ANTI-ANTI-DUMPING

  It is not just all good things that come to an end. Some bad ones do too. Yesterday,European Union trade officials rejected a plan to extend the ①“anti-dumping” duties levied on shoe imports from China and Vietnam. Even so,the episode points up the opaque and arbitrary nature of EU trade laws.
  The duties,imposed for two years on imports sold below the price in the exporting country’s home market,began in 2006 after ②lobbying by producer countries such as Spain and Italy. As the end-date approached the European Commission was pressed to keep the duties for a further 15 months. The Commission should have stood up to this lobby:it did not.
  Anti-dumping duties are generally a bad idea. There may a case for protecting an industry with strategic importance. But shoes are less strategic even than yoghurts. If Beijing wants to subsidise European consumers’shoe habits,by sending footwear halfway around the globe,it should be able to do so. Shoemaking is not an industry with high barriers to entry,nor one where ③predatory pricing delivers an unfair competitive advantage.
  There are other problems with anti-dumping duties too. They encourage retaliation,moving international trade further in the wrong direction. The protection afforded by anti-dumping measures also encourages producers to focus on pleading or arguing for its continuance rather than concentrating on how to become more competitive themselves,perhaps by moving to the ④top end of the market or even by becoming more responsive to customers’needs.
  Though yesterday’s decision was the right result,the process by which it was achieved was a reminder of the vagaries of the EU approach to anti-dumping actions. Like most members of the World Trade Organisation,the EU allows its policymakers too much discretion and does not insist on enough transparency. This produces a regime that is neither clear nor certain.
  Peter(now Lord)Mandelson sought to reform the anti-dumping laws while he was trade commissioner,but was unable to make headway. ⑤Since the credit crunch has caused a fresh outbreak of economic nationalism among some EU countries,now is probably not the best time to seek to revive reform plans. Instead,EU national governments should make sure that if the Commission again seeks to appease the protectionists and tries to extend anti-dumping next month then their ministers reject it as officials did.

  译文梗概

  反对“反倾销”

  结束的并不都是好事,有时候坏事也有告终的那一天。昨日,欧盟(EU)贸易官员拒绝了对中国和越南鞋类产品延长征收“反倾销税”的计划。即便如此,这件事仍暴露了欧盟贸易法律的不透明及武断特性。
  这些关税是在西班牙和意大利等鞋类生产国游说之后,从2006年起开始征收的,理由是进口产品的售价低于出口国家本土市场上的价格。随着关税终止日期的临近,相关方面对欧盟委员会(EU)施加压力,要求把这些关税延长15个月。欧盟委员会本应在这种游说面前站稳立场,但它没有。
  反倾销关税一般都是馊主意。要保护一个具有战略重要性的产业,也许还说得通。但鞋类的战略意义甚至还不如酸奶。如果北京方面想要补贴欧洲消费者的购鞋习惯,把廉价鞋类送到地球的另一边,不妨让它这么做。制鞋业没有很高的进入障碍,也不是掠夺性定价能够带来不公平竞争优势的行业。
  反倾销关税还有其它问题。它们鼓励对方采取报复措施,从而国际贸易进一步推向错误的方向。反倾销措施所提供的保护,还会鼓励生产商为了延续这些措施而进行恳求或申辩,而非专注于让自己变得更具竞争力,比如向高端市场转移,或者甚至是对顾客需求做出更为灵敏的反应。
  尽管昨日的决定是一个正确的结果,但得出这个结果的过程提醒人们,欧盟在反倾销行动方面有些反复无常。与世界贸易组织(WTO)的多数成员一样,欧盟让自己的政策制定者具有太多的任意决定权,而且没有坚持要求充分的透明度。这造成了一个既不清晰、也不确定的机制。
  曼德尔森勋爵(Lord Mandelson)在担任欧盟贸易专员期间,曾寻求改革反倾销法律,但未能取得进展。鉴于信贷紧缩已导致某些欧盟国家爆发新一波的经济民族主义,现在或许并非重启改革计划的最佳时机。相反,如果欧盟委员会再次寻求安抚保护主义者,试图在下月延长反倾销关税,欧盟各国政府应当确保他们的部长拒绝接受这个决定,就像欧盟官员所做的那样。

(文章来源:FT中文网)

  点评:

  ①anti-dumping duties,反倾销税。duty在此意为“税,关税”,可用作复数,也可与其它词一起构成形容词,如duty-free(免税的)。duty 还有“义务,责任,职责,职务”的意思。 
  ②lobby,在此处作动词,意为“对(议员等)进行游说活动”。lobby作名词意为“游说者”。 
  ③predatory pricing,掠夺性定价,指通过牺牲短期利润消除竞争对手而在长期获得高利润的定价行为,是一种不公平的竞争行为。price作动词时意为“定价,出价,标价”。 
  ④top end意为“高端的”。高端市场也可作“high end market”。类似表达还有low end market,低端市场;midrange market,中端市场。
  ⑤在这里,“Since the credit crunch has caused a fresh outbreak of economic nationalism among some EU countries”,是一个由连接词“since”引导的表起因或原因的状语从句,说明了主句所陈述的“now is probably not the best time to seek to revive reform plans”的原因。

  相关稿件
· 阿根廷对我运动鞋反倾销调查将提前结束 2009-10-20
· 我要求WTO调查欧盟对我紧固件反倾销 2009-10-14
· 欧盟对中国产无缝钢管征最终反倾销税 2009-10-09
· 商务部:延长进口1,4-丁二醇反倾销案调查期限 2009-09-25
· 阿根廷效仿美国 要对中国轮胎进行反倾销调查 2009-09-17