[双语阅读]冰岛会不会逃债?
    2010-01-11    作者:曾德金    来源:经济参考报

    Iceland

  Power to the people. Next month,Icelanders may get to ①vote on whether they would like to hand over  12,000 each to the UK and the Netherlands. It seems a ②no-brainer. But if Iceland refuses to repay the  3.9bn debt,it risks becoming an international③pariah.
  It still need not come to that. Most Icelanders acknowledge,albeit grudgingly,they have to ④meet their international obligations;the president signed an earlier loan agreement to that effect last year.But the UK and the Netherlands objected to some of its terms and demanded changes.The new agreement is hardly punitive:a 15-year loan,with a seven-year ⑤grace period and a chance to renegotiate terms in 2024.While the 5.5 per cent interest rate is higher than current British or eurozone borrowing costs,neither country is pocketing a juicy spread:yields on 15-year Dutch government bonds are about 4 per cent,while UK bond yields are half a percentage point more. Perhaps these details can be tweaked;ultimately all three governments need do a better job of explaining to their people the costs of rejecting a deal.
  Iceland’s situation is extreme,but several governments nearby are also having to persuade their citizens of the need to ⑥tighten their belts. So far Ireland and Latvia have been willing to take the pain of required economic adjustment as the price of euro membership. The jury is out on Greece and Spain. Then there is the historic example of serial ⑦defaulter Argentina. Ten years after repudiating its international debts,Argentina hopes to strike a deal with unpaid creditors this month. A similar path must be an unappealing prospect for Iceland. A decade is a long time to spend ⑧out in the cold,particularly if all you have left to eat is fish.

  译文梗概

  冰岛会不会逃债?

  把决定权交给人民。下月,冰岛可能会就是否要向英国和荷兰偿还债务进行全民公决。这笔债务若是平摊,每个冰岛人要摊到1.2万欧元。这看起来是一个想都不用想的问题。但如果冰岛拒绝偿还39亿欧元的债务,就有在国际上遭受唾弃之虞。
  不过事情无需走到那一步。多数冰岛人虽然心里不情愿,但还是承认自己应当履行国际义务。去年冰岛总统签署了一份允诺还款的协议,但英国和荷兰不同意其中一些条款,要求修改协议。新协议称不上苛刻:期限15年的贷款,有7年的宽限期,并有机会在2024年重新议定条款。虽然5.5%的利率高于英国和欧元区现行贷款利率,但不论是对英国还是对荷兰来说,利差都不大:荷兰15年期国债的收益率为4%左右,英国国债比这高半个百分点。这些细节可能还会调整,而最终,三国政府都需要更好地向民众解释拒签协议将会带来的代价。
  冰岛的案例比较极端,但周边数个政府目前也正在劝导民众务必勒紧腰带。迄今为止,冰岛和拉脱维亚都愿意承担加入欧元区的代价,进行必要的经济调整。希腊和西班牙则说不准。而屡次拖欠债务的阿根廷则可以为鉴。十年前拒付国际债务的阿根廷希望在本月与债权国达成一个协议。冰岛肯定不希望重蹈阿根廷覆辙。被冷落十年实在过于漫长,尤其是如果你只剩下鱼可吃的话。

  (文章来源:FT中文网)

  点评:

  ①vote on,对...进行表决,vote for/against,赞成/反对。
  ②no-brainer意为,“不必花脑筋的事物”,“傻瓜都知道的问题”。
  ③pariah,本意为“贱民,被社会遗弃者”,在此表示冰岛若逃债,将降低其国际信用。
  ④meet one’s obligation,履行义务;
  ⑤grace period(行动、责任等的)宽限期,包含两层意思:1.指放款人同意借款人只支付利息,暂时无须偿还本金的一段时期。2.指过了付款期限,收款的一方同时延长付款期限,在宽限期满之前支付则不算违约。
  ⑥tighten one’s belt,意为勒紧腰带,节约度日。
  ⑦defaulter,意为“a person who fails to fulfil a duty,obligation,or undertaking,especially to pay a tax or other debt”,就是违约者、不履行义务者、拖欠者。
  ⑧out in the cold,该短语意为“遭受冷落,受到忽视”,形象说明了阿根廷由于拒付债务而造成国际信用降低的后果。

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