BUBBLE TROUBLE
Most people like bubbles. Some like to bathe in bubbles;others to drink them. To live in a bubble can be thought a pleasant state. Bubbles also have an attractive metaphysical quality. Three centuries ago,the English poet Francis Quarles asked what was lighter than wind,fire or even the mind?“A thought,”he replied.“Than thought?This bubble world.”Yet after the 10 bubble years of the noughties,many want to ①see them regulated out of existence——ideally forever. Bubbles——as shown by the ②emerging markets headrush of the late 1990s,the dotcom frenzy that followed it,and the subsequent popping of the credit boom——have many pernicious effects. They result in poor capital allocation. They can promote social mo-bility——the lucky or talented entrepreneur who makes good riding the boom.More often,though,bubbles are inequitable. They reward those who own assets,versus the poor,③who usually do not. The rise in Thai and Indonesian infant mortality rates after the Asian economic crisis is the bubble world’s ④Janus face. Yet bubbles,like all cycles,are inevitable. They will remain so long as people trade freely and prices are set by supply and demand. They existed in medieval Europe,17th century Amsterdam and 19th century America——⑤long before central banks that kept interest rates artificially low or state-sponsored mortgage lenders that subsidised homeowners. One irony of the bubbling noughties is that it was also the decade of the so-called “Great Moderation”.But then the ⑥bust subsequently revealed the idea of permanent stability to be a false god.The ideal,rather,is one where the excesses of bubbles are moderated,not eliminated. Honest turmoil,as commentator James Grant put it,has always been the way of the world. Here’s to it.
译文梗概
泡沫之忧
大多数人喜欢泡沫。有的人喜欢洗泡泡浴,有的人喜欢喝带泡沫的饮料。生活在泡沫之中可以被视为一种惬意的状态。泡沫还有一种迷人的玄学特质。300年前,英国诗人弗朗西斯·夸尔斯问,什么比风、火乃至精神更轻?“一个想法,”他回答道。“那么比想法更轻的呢?这个泡沫世界。”然而,充满泡沫的本世纪头十年过后,许多人希望看到的是,它们能被监管挤掉——最好是永远挤掉。 正如上世纪90年代末的新兴市场热潮、继而出现的网络狂热以及接下来突现的信贷繁荣所显示的那样,泡沫有众多致命影响。它们会导致资本配置不当。它们可帮助那些成功借助繁荣“东风”的、幸运或有才能的企业家提高社会地位。但更多情况下,泡沫是不公平的。它们奖赏的是那些有产者,通常是无产者的穷人则一无所获。亚洲经济危机过后泰国与印尼婴儿死亡率的上升,就是这个泡沫世界的另一面。 不过,和所有周期一样,泡沫也是不可避免的。只要人们自由交易,只要价格由供求关系决定,泡沫就永远存在。它们存在于中世纪的欧洲、17世纪的阿姆斯特丹、19世纪的美国——远在人为压低利率的央行出现之前,也远在由政府资助的、向购房者提供补贴的抵押贷款机构出现之前。 讽刺的是,充满泡沫的这十年还是所谓的“大缓和”(Great Moderation)十年。但随后出现的经济萧条便揭示出,“永恒稳定”的概念只是个伪真理。相反,理想情况是过剩的泡沫得到消减,而不是消除。正如评论家詹姆斯(James Grant)所言,真实的动荡始终是这个世界运转的方式。让我们为这句话干一杯!
(文章来源:FT中文网)
点评:
①see them regulated,该结构为“谓语动词+宾语+过去分词(done)”表示“宾语”被……;(过去分词与前面的宾语具有动宾关系)。 ②emerging,boom,headrush,fenzy四个词均可用来指新兴的事物,前两者倾向于褒义,后两者则比较中性甚至贬义。 ③who usually do not是“who usually do not own assets”的承前省略。 ④Janus,杰纳斯:古罗马门神,被描绘为有分别朝向相反方的两个面孔。 ⑤long before,很久以前,注意对照before long,不久以后。 ⑥bust,在此意为a time or period of widespread financial depression,recession,可译为“经济萧条”。 |